Voices from patients with voice disordered tend to be less periodic and contain larger perturbations. These perturbations are distributed randomly in the voice sample; therefore, the selection of a particular segment for analysis is extremely important. This study examines the potential of using a moving window to identify areas of minimum perturbation. The method allows for a standard method to select samples and may extend perturbation analysis to more disordered voices. A moving window 0.5 seconds in length was shifted through the sample by moving forward at 25 millisecond increments. Prior to analysis, voices were typed according to the guidelines proposed by Titze in 1995. Additionally, a category of type 4 voices which were considered primarily stochastic was added. Significant differences in the perturbation measures of the voice types were preserved after moving window segment selection. The moving window method allows the objective identification of low perturbation areas in type 1, 2 and some type 3 signals. It allows perturbation analysis to be extended to these more disordered samples. The moving window method may improve the reliability of perturbation analysis particularly for disordered voices.

This paper describes the neural net as identification process, considering an adaptive structure that adjusts the\nparameters in dynamically with a proportional condition.\nBecause the neural nets have problems in their applications in the cases for example: when the weight parameters are adjusted dynamically to a specific climate change with stochastic conditions that have to adjust theirs in accordance with a reference signal. The answer signal and the identification error are described by their distribution functions using fuzzy rules as stochastic actions, building the membership set with mobile\ninference limits, adapting the neural net weight processes in accordance with the knowledge base. This identification process is based on: The black-box scheme, where the internal weights\nare unknown; and the adaptive criterion, adjusting the internal\nweights dynamically using fuzzy rules considering their stochastic properties bounded each of them with a transition\nfunction without losing the stability of the process. The operation of the filter is presented using the Matlab software to simulate and describe its behavior illustratively.

A total of 102 isolates were isolated from nine waste water samples were collected from different contaminated sites at Sohag governorate.-Egypt. Isolates were screened for cadmium tolerance and the most tolerant two isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus DAA54 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DAA86.MICs were 200 and 250 for B. cereus DAA54 and P. aeruginosa DAA86, respectively. Decrease in growth of both isolates (measured in terms of optical density) was observed upon increasing Cd2+ concentration at any given time interval compared controls. protein profiles detected loss in addition to induction of low molecular weight proteins (96, 89, 63, 44 and 11) KDa as responding to cadmium shock. The optimum conditions for biosorption of cadmium were investigated by using living and lyophilized biomass of both isolates. The optimum pH values for biosorption rate of cadmium were 7.0 and 6.0 for B. cereus DAA54 and P. aeruginosa DAA86. The experimental adsorption data fitted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum biosorption capacity (q max) values of cadmium by the living and lyophilized biomass of B. cereus DAA54 reached 200 and 212.77 mgg-1, respectively, and reached 133.3 and 136.99 mgg-1, respectively, for living and lyophilized biomass of P. aeruginosa DAA86. The biosorptive mechanism was confirmed by IR analysis. The high Cd2+ tolerance and biosorption capacity of Bacillus cereus DAA54 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DAA86 make them candidate organisms for Cd2+ bioremoval from aqueous solutions.

This study evaluates efficiency of spur dikes based on two obtainable river morphological characteristics - distance/length (D/L) ratio and distance/height (D/H) ratio of the spur dike. Particle Size Distribution Curve and Soil Classification System of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) were applied to analyze carrying capacity of soil at the bottom of spur dikes. A case study of LinYuan embankment of Kaoping River in Southern Taiwan is presented. Beginning year 2010 to 2012, after Typhoon Morakot, 29 spur dikes were constructed between mile markers No.3+600 and No.8+600 along the LinYuan embankment. The main flow within this river was on the right bank and exposed to spur dikes, hence, damaging the foundation brush. Results from soil classification demonstrated that the soil was mainly slit soil, and the general AASHTO subgrade rating was fair to poor. These fair to poor rating suggest that particular attention must be paid to prevent damage of the spur dikes. Design distance between spur dikes was 200 m and the design length of each spur dike was 55 m; the D/L ratio was 3.64 times the D/L ratio of 2.0 that was set in the design specifications. Based on the findings in this study, the distance between spur dikes is recommended to be less than 100 m and the length less than 45 m to prevent scouring.

In this paper, we define a class of Hessenberg matrices and then explicitly derive its all eigenvalues. We give some relationships between the determinant of the class and terms of a second order linear recurrence. Then we obtain factorization and representation of the second order linear recurrence.

BACKGROUND Distal nasal defects present many challenges. Zitelli’s bilobed flap has been widely used for such defects but may be complicated by interrupted scarring and alar displacement. This study aims to evaluate a modified bilobed flap for such defects.\nMETHODS Differently from Zitelli’s design, the primary lobe was located between the defect and the cheek, and the second lobe was located in the cheek. The width of the primary lobe was equal to that of the primary defect. The length of the primary lobe was 10% longer than the distance of the distal defect edge to the pivot point of the flap. The width of the second lobe was 90−100% of that of the primary defect. The length of the second lobe was 30% longer than the distance of the distal defect edge to the pivot point of the flap. Outcome measures included the ability to close the defect under minimal tension, the cosmetic appearance, and complications. \nRESULTS This technique was performed in 34 cases with an average age of (27.14 ± 7.79) years. The defect size ranged from 0.8 cm × 0.9 cm to 1.2 cm × 1.8 cm. All defects were closed under minimal wound tension. The patients have been followed for 12 months to 24 months. All scars were inconspicuous. No obvious complications occurred. \nCONCLUSIONS This technique is suitable for repairing small to medium-sized defects in particular regions of the distal nose. It is more acceptable than Zitelli’s bilobed flap by young patients in Asia.

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) deals with finding the minimum-cost tour in clustered set of cities. In this problem, the traveler is interested in finding the best path that passes through all clusters. As this problem is NP-hard, implementing a Metahuristic algorithm is inevitable. The performance of these algorithms can be intensively promoted by other heuristic algorithms. In this study, a search method has been developed that improves the quality of solutions and competition time considerably in comparison with Genetic Algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the genetic algorithms with the nearest neighbor search (NNS) have been combined. In order to encode the solutions, bipartite chromosome has been developed. According to the experimental results on a set of 41 standard test problems with symmetric distances, the proposed algorithm was able to find the best solutions in most cases with the least computational time. The proposed algorithm is highly competitive with the published algorithms until now in both solution quality and running time.

Introduction: There are evidences that oxidative stress play an important role in male infertility. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of BSO-induced oxidative stress on ultrastructure of testis and sperm fertility in mice. Methods: In this study 30 adult male and 10 adult female mice are used. Male mice were divided into3 groups. In control group, mice did not receive any chemical. In experimental group, mice received 2mmol/kg BSO, 35 days, IP injection. In sham group, mice received solvent of BSO (0.9% saline). After BSO treatment, mice in 3 groups were sacrificed. Their testes were dissected, fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, post fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide. Finally, embedded in pure resin, prepared for ultrastructural study. For determination GSH, GPX, SOD, CAT, MDA and testosterone level, blood was obtained from heart. Female mice were superovulated and killed 24 hours later. Oocytes were collected and inseminated with sperms for assessing fertilization rate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc tests. Results: Determination of oxidative markers showed that the concentration of Catalase, GPX, MDA, SOD,GSH in experimental group, in comparison to other groups is reduced, while MDA level increased (p<0.001). Also serum testosterone level was decreased. Transmission electron microscopy was revealed in experimental group, in comparison to control group, cellular organels were decreased. Furthermore, detachment of basementmembrane from cytoplasmic membrane and a large number of vacuolar spaces in experimental was observed. Finally we found, BSO- administration caused a decrease in sperm fertilization capability. Conclusions: It is concluded that exposure to oxidative stress induced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) could affect ultrastructure of testis and sperm fertility.

??Sudden cardiac death is mainly caused by arrhythmogenesis. For functional abnormal heart, such as ischemic heart, the probability of arrhythmia occurring is greatly increased. During myocardial ischemia, re-entry is prone to degenerate into ventricular fibrillation (VF). Therefore it has important meaning to investigate the intricate mechanisms underlying VF under ischemic condition in order to better facilitate therapeutic interventions. ??In this paper, to analyze the functional influence of acute global ischemia on cardiac electrical activity and subsequently on re-entrant arrhythmogenesis, we take into account of three main pathophysiological consequences of ischemia: hyperkalaemia, acidosis, and anoxia, and develop a 3D human ventricular ischemic model that combines a detailed biophysical description of the excitation kinetics of human ventricular cells with an integrated geometry of human ventricular tissue which incorporates fiber direction anisotropy and the stimulation activation sequence. The results show that under acute global ischemia, the tissue excitability and the slope of ventricular cellular APDR are greatly decreased. As a result, the complexity of VF activation patterns is reduced. For the three components of ischemia, hyperkalaemia is the dominant contributor to the stability of re-entry under acute global ischemia. Increasing acts to prolong the cell refractory period, reduce the tissue excitability and slow the conduction velocity. Our results also show that ventricular fibrillation can be eliminated by decreasing cellular excitability, primarily by elevating the concentration value of extracellular .