The recent progresses in minimizing, designing low- consumption circuits, low- consumption wireless communication facilities, developments of the companies producing the small energy resources, and the decrease of production costs of the factories have provided a new technological perspective known as the wireless sensor networks (WSN). The research area of the wireless sensor networks is one of the new subject matters in the field of information network and technology engineering which is used to collect data in areas that humans cannot be present. As a result of the integration of sensor, processing, and communication technologies, a vast number of users have the ability to implement the WSNs. First, the WSNs were designed for military purposes, however, their unmilitary applications developed over time. For instance, different types of wireless sensor networks are applied to monitor the environment, residential buildings, health applications, traffic observation, and the control of factory devices. The present paper intends to study the relation between the energy consumption reduction and using wireless sensor networks. To reach the research objectives, confirm hypotheses, and establish the applied algorithm of the present paper, MATLAB software is used.

Not only understanding consumer behavior and target groups’ needs on the domestic market is difficult, but also this is a great struggle for multi-national companies. Despite the fact that most of the consumers in the world have certain common points, but their values, attitudes, as well as their behaviors are often different. Moreover, this study encompasses three specific target groups in Sweden, mentioning that these groups have been divided based on their age, so as a different age group would have different priorities and would not generalized to the statistical population of this study. This paper is aimed at investigating operation strategies dedicated to companies to attract customers. In this paper, it has been attempted to identify the impact of operation strategies dedicated to Coca-Cola vs Pepsi companies to attract customers. Today, economies are becoming more complicated than ever so as any possible method that can be used in supporting the building of global brands is appealing. Soft drinks have been characterized for decades which an intense rivalry between Coca-Cola and Pepsi companies is reported over this issue of importance.

Nowadays, it is obvious that computer have eye and can see beyond human imagination since the birth of biometrics. Basically, it was recently that human ear started gaining ground for identity authentication in biometrics because of its rumple stable structure which makes a notable icon for feature extraction and this has spur computer vision authors on the quest to developing different algorithms for this purpose. Within this short space of time many questions has risen due to the quality of the ear image used for recognition. They include environmental lighting condition, occlusion (due to ear-rings, eye glasses, hair), and pose angle and in trying to deal with the questionable issues many algorithms have evolved. They follow some fundamental work-through approach; ear pre-processing/normalization, feature vector extraction, classification and recognition. These quadruple are chained by a high bonding capability because none of these stages can be compromised if a good ear recognition system is to be operational. This paper X-ray the state of 2D ear normalization, detection and features selection method used for recognition as documented by different research works.

In this paper, we proposed a human ear classification approach which uses the ear image contour. Basically, the scheme has four classification groups which are based on only two concepts namely: Chain code (Lobed and Lobeless Ear) and Dimensionality of Helix (Big and Small Ear). Using the chain code feature vectors extracted from the ear contour after necessary preprocessing activities, the ear were classified based the code pattern of the last twenty or fifteen codes making use of rule of thumb classifier we built. Similarly, the second classification process implored the Helix dimensional features which were a product of the Angular Points and landmark space, using the Square of Sum Difference. The experimental result showed about 94.80% and 92.20% accuracy respectively.

The paper analyses some of the challenges that economic sciences face during the global crisis. Ideologically, the crisis caused a fierce debate between the adherents of the ultraliberal theory regarding Adam Smith’s „invisible hand” and the supporters of state interventionism suggested by John Maynard Keynes in order to overcome recession. The crisis therefore, generated a change in the post-WW II development paradigm. Due to the functions assumed, in order to respond best to an economic model considered to be infailible and immuable, based on growth, a model that ignored nature’s laws, the state pushed to moral hazard both entrepreneurs and consumers. The new generations can be characterized with one word – ignorance. Whether we cultivate or not this ignorance, this is another story. It is however certain that the „prosperity generations” have their sense of measure atrophied. They cannot conceive the world outside the comfort they have been used to. The conclusion is that the existing paradigm led to increased instability in the economic system, which led to a crisis.

The efficiency of an oblong gap collision was simulated using the three dimensional computational Fluid dynamics (CFLs) computer program CFX-4.4. The characteristic collision efficiency curve obtained from the imagery was compared with the experimental results. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the effect of (a) the total number of particles used for the imagery, (b) gravity in the imagery. The imagery predictions for each of the above cases are presented along with the experimental data and the results are discussed. Results obtained from the imagery are seen to be in good agreement with experimental data, validating the particle transport model implemented in CFX-4.4, for laminar flow conditions.

In this paper, we study on some properties of parallel surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. The results given in this paper were given in Euclidean space by Hacisalihoglu, Hicks. By using these two former studies, we try to show these properties in Minkowski 3-space. Also we give the relation among the fundamental forms of parallel surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. Finally we show that how a curve which is geodesic on M become again a geodesic on parallel surface M^{r} by the normal map in Minkowski 3-space.

The population dynamics of Periophthalmus barbarus in the Imo River Estuary, southeast Nigeria, were obtained from a twelve month length composition data ranging 6.0- 14.00cm total length TL (mean = 9.2225cm±0.1425; n=2160) corresponding to 1.67- 26.79g Total weight TW (mean = 8.4717g±0.40196). The growth was exponential. The asymptotic length (L∞) of the Powell-Wetheral plot (L∞ = 13.36cm) was seeded into FiSAT II software to obtain best estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters as: L∞ = 19.9cmTL, growth curvature (K) = 1.0 year-1; age-and-length-at-age zero years, t0 = - 0.75; Lo= 10.50 cmTL; longetivity, tmax = 3 years. The estimated growth performance index, ϕ′ = 2.59. Other FiSAT II growth parameters were the amplitude of growth oscillation, C = 0.9 and the Winter Point, WP = 0.6, Rn = 0.368. The computed total mortality, Z = 9.57 year -1, natural mortality, M = 2.04 year-1 and fishing mortality, F was 7.53 year-1. Results indicate the fishery is highly exploited with current exploitation ratio, Ecur = 0.79 > Emax = 0.644 > Eopt = 0.5 which suggests stock over-exploitation; corroborated by Z/K ratio (2.396). The rate of exploitation, μ = 0.787 year-1 = Ecur, 79% of the available stock being fished annually. The length-at-first capture Lc=7.76cm cmTL and Lc/L∞ was 0.39, indicating the fish was yet to complete 61% of growth as at the time of capture at Lc; hence, Lopt = 11.85cmTL, which provides least impact and confers better condition factor on the stock should be adopted.