The paper focuses on the dielectric characterization of ZrxLa1-xOy thin films. High-k ZrxLa1-xOy thin films were prepared on Si (1 0 0) substrate by sol-gel method. The dielectric characteristics were recorded in Zr atomic fractions in the combined is at the range of x = 5% to 60%. The influence of the annealing temperature and the insulator thickness was examined. We found that the dielectric properties are very sensitive to the annealing. It was shown that high crystallization temperature of dielectric are assigned to amorphous and nanocrystallite structure of gate oxide. Annealing suppresses lower dielectric relaxation as the annealing temperature increases. Such results are attributed to the presence of insulating grain boundary barrier layers. The properties of the ZrxLa1-xOy thin films were evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Capacitance–Voltage (C–V), Current–Voltage (I–V), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques.
In late years much attention has been given to assessment on the components of the nephron elements and the capillaries surrounding the nephron. Quantitative analysis on kidney in three species Gallus domesticus, Passer domesticus and Columba Livia Domestica were studied. Volumes and surface areas of renal components measured. Finestructure of proximal convoluted tubules included intercellular space that was occupied by interdigitations folds in basolateral membrane level. Distal tubules included microvilli in apical of the basement membrane into tubular lumen. In microscopic viewpoint, among birds Domestic fowl revealed an increase of the cortical tissue volume compared to two other species as this trend was true for medulla in this bird than two additionally species. Higher volumes and surface area of renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules were seen into the cortex in Domestic fowl in comparison with two species and House sparrow included lesser values from implicit parameters. In house sparrow surface area and volume of the proximal tubules, thin and thick limb of Henle and collecting ducts was lowest values while Domestic pigeon was intermediate values in these parameters. Blood capillaries in Domestic fowl had greatest volume and surface area within cortex and medulla. In this study suggested that values of the volume and surface area in structural elements of birds\' renal nephron play a role in concentrate of urine.
This paper analyzed the impact of domestic violence on HIV vulnerability using the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. Fuzzy set method was used to construct indices of HIV vulnerability and its correlates were determined by Tobit regression. It was found that among the selected HIV vulnerability attributes, the number of other wives contributed the most (10.30 percent) to HIV vulnerability indices, while North Central and South-South zones had the highest average HIV vulnerability of 0.0669 and 0.0633, respectively. At the state level, Niger, Enugu and Nasarawa states recorded the highest average HIV vulnerability indices of 0.0889, 0.0879 and 0.0864. respectively. Also, the most reported domestic violence against women were violation of women’s right to ask for the use of condom in sexual relationships (68.32 percent) and lack of power to refuse sex (44.92 percent). The Tobit regression showed that HIV vulnerability was significantly promoted (p<0.05) by majority of the included domestic violence variables in addition to husbands’ smoking habit, consumption of alcohol, number of wives, and ignorance about HIV. Access to media (newspaper, radio and television) and wife’s years of education significantly reduced HIV vulnerability (p<0.05). It was inter alia noted that within some socio-cultural norms, programmes and policies to advocate for enforcement of women’s rights in sexual and marital issues are needed.
An ideal I is a family of subsets of positive integers N which is closed under\ntaking finite unions and subsets of its elements. A sequence (xk) of real numbers is said\nto be lacunary I-convergent to a real number `, if for each \" > 0 the set\n8<\n:r 2 N :\nX\nk2Jr\n|xk − `| \"\n9=\n;\nbelongs to I. The aim of this paper is to study the notion of lacunary I-convergence in\nprobabilistic normed spaces as a variant of the notion of ideal convergence. Also lacunary\nI-limit points and lacunary I-cluster points have been defined and the relation between\nthem has been established. Furthermore, lacunary-Cauchy and lacunary I-Cauchy sequences\nare introduced and studied. Finally, we provided example which shows that our\nmethod of convergence in probabilistic normed spaces is more general.
The present investigation was proposed to develop a suitable dipping tank model for organized piggery. A total of eighty one animals of both sexes of about one year of age (12 Months ± 1 month) belonging to Ghungroo, Hampshire and Duroc breeds were used for the study. Appropriate biometry in centimeters (body length, height at back, height at front, flank-to-flank and width) of the pigs from the aforementioned breed was taken with the help of measuring tape. A comparative study on morphometry revealed that as compared to the exotic breeds, indigenous breed’s (Ghunghroo) sow was massive than males. Exotic breeds’s barrel was cylindrical; however, indigenous one was bulky and elliptical. The initial width and length of holding area was found be 6 and 10 ft, respectively. The length, width and depth of dipping area were determined to be 7 ft, 2 ft and3 ft, respectively. This may be made flexible by the use of different levels of dipping solution, so that it could be adjusted depending on the class of the animal (Piglet/ Weaner/ Grower/ Fattening/ Mature) or breed of the pig (Ghungroo/ Hampshire/ Duroc). The slope at the entry point is of little importance, however, at the exit point, it should be at least 1 in 20 to avoid dip solution loss. So, Pigs must not be dipped regularly for efficient pig production system.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most important and promising sources of renewable energy, which demands additional transmission capacity and better means of maintaining system reliability. The evolution of technology related to wind systems industry leaded to the development of a generation of variable speed wind turbines that present many advantages compared to the fixed speed wind turbines. These wind energy conversion systems are connected to the grid through Matrix Converter. To harness the wind power efficiently the most reliable system in the present era is grid connected DFIG The contribution of this paper is to improve the power quality of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) by reducing the harmonics of the output current and voltage. In the existing system, the proposed algorithm is applied to a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) with a stator directly connected to the grid and a rotor connected to the grid through a back-to-back AC-DC-AC PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) converter. A DFIG uses a two stage power converter process in the rotor circuit which contributes to the electrical losses in the system. By adopting a matrix converter, the electrical losses may be reduced as the power conversion is conducted as a single stage process. Simulation results are presented for the DFIG based WECS and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of power quality improvement.
The post harvest management/handing of some fruits were looked into in Yanlemu Market: a major fruit market in Kano state. A structure questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-economic characteristics, the methods of fruits handling system, Fruit storage system and its shelf life and Post harvest management of fruits in the study area. The study revealed that all the marketers were males, 52% had no formal education, and 71.43% of the respondents were mainly fruit marketers. Most of the respondents do sorting 88.10% while 12% doesn’t. No storage facilities were used in the study area to preserve the fruits from rotten after harvesting as at the time of study. They either store fruits inside raffia baskets (46.43%), shops (33.33%), inside bags covered with jute bags (20.24%). All the fruit sellers do not add preservatives. 95.23% of the fruits sellers believed that their storage method is ineffective. All the respondents don’t engage in value addition to fruits in the area of processing into juices, jams or dehydrated products. Most of the marketers claim that they do sell most of their produce within a week but In situations when there are no buyers, 38.10% said they sell it at a giveaway price, 14.28% give as gift to people, 26.19% still prefer to keep it with until it spoils while 21.43% consume it. The result indicates that all the identified factors have an impact on post harvest management. Given the threat of fruit loss and insecurity in the study area, it is suggested that training on post harvest handling be conducted, also adequate and effective storage structures be put in place to ease wastages.
The focal aim of the present investigation was to study the foremost chromosomal aberrations (CA) like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in schizophrenic subjects of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 65 blood samples were collected from various hospitals in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Equal numbers of physically and mentally healthy subjects were serve as a control. In the present study chromosomal examinations were carry out by using the GTG banding technique on 65 schizophrenics and finally the results were ensured by spectral karyotyping (SKY) technique. All the patients had random numerical and structural aberrations were identified. Structural aberrations predominated and usually consisted of deletions, translocation, inversion and mosaicism of various chromosomes. Present study has detected 1, 7, 9, 11, 21, 22 and X, suggested that these chromosomal scratches are prevalent in schizophrenics. In comparison with experimental subjects, the control subjects exhibited very low (p<0.05) levels of major CA. In the present study, the high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements designates a potential role for mitotic indiscretion coupled with the centromeric disruption. The reason for this might be that these anomalies increase risk for schizophrenia in a relatively nonspecific way, such as contributing to disruption of normal biological system. Identification of these chromosome alterations may be helpful\nto understanding further molecular basis research of the disease in better way.