This article presents a new sign criterion to determine the stability and root locations of the Linear Time Invariant Discrete Systems (LTIDS) and is pertinent to both real and complex coefficient polynomials. The proposed criterion is synthesized from the Jury‟s method for stability which is derived from the characteristic polynomial coefficients of the discrete system. The numbers of roots lying outside the unit circle (OUC), inside the unit circle (IUC) and hence on the unit circle are directly determined from the proposed single modified Jury tabulation and the sign criterion. The presented scheme is simple and illustrations are given to bring out the merits of the proposed scheme for all singular, nonsingular cases.

Focusing on high-quality construction, and improving seismic performance of under-construction buildings on one hand, and rapid elimination of housing shortages and/or other spaces and buildings required in the country on the other hand, clarify application of the modern technologies instead of inefficient and traditional systems. Hence, the main aim of this study is to reorganize, prioritize, and determine the status of full construction systems using industrial production methods. In this study, each of the technologies has been evaluated from two main structural and architectural perspectives. In order to obtain the predefined objective, the main element of the research has been studied within the three criteria of quality, economy and speed. It is hoped that every technology will find its special\nposition in the building industry in terms of capability of construction and operation. With due observance to the above mentioned subjects, and in accordance with the results of the present study, common construction methods in the country have not met demands of mass housing construction. Among industrial construction systems, although Light Steel Frame (LSF) has obtained higher status than others have, however, it needs to be modified in order to improve its performance and obtaining better ranking among other technologies

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops grown worldwide. Aluminum toxicity and low pH are the two main important factors affecting maize production on the Ultisols of the tropics, including Malaysia. Two short-term experiments were conducted in a laboratory to investigate the effects of Al and/or pH on the growth of maize seedlings, using Mas Madu cultivar. In experiment 1, the seedlings were grown in 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution containing various concentration of Al for one week. In the second experiment, maize seedlings were grown in the same solution but at different pH levels. The morphology of the maize root was studied at harvest using a root scanner. Organic acids secretions from the roots were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that root length and root surface area of the maize seedlings decreased significantly with increasing Al concentration, but the root length and root surface area increased with the increase in solution pH. Only oxalic acid was secreted by the maize roots, occurring mostly at high Al concentration as well as at very low pH. The secretion of this acid by the roots is a plausible mechanism how maize slightly defend itself against Al3+ toxicity and/or H+ stress. The critical Al concentration and pH as determined by this study were 12 µM and 6.2, respectively. It means that acid Ultisols in the tropics having high Al concentration should be adequately limed to eliminate Al toxicity before being used for sustainable maize cultivation.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. The incidence of BCC has increased in the last few decades. Conventional surgery is the most frequent treatment modality for this cancer, but it also has the risk of local recurrence. The complete surgical excision may be considered the gold standard for treatment. Objectives: This study was designed to identify prospectively the incidence of incomplete excision associated with 5mm margin excision of BCCs among patients diagnosed at Farshchian hospital, Hamadan. The main aim of this study was to evaluate patients and tumors characteristics as the related risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, this clinical trial for the first time in Iran performed with predetermined surgical excision margin. Materials and methods: From April 2011 to April 2012, a total of 125 Basal cell carcinoma lesions (115 patients) were excised in Farshchian hospital. The elliptical excisions were performed with 5mm clinically margin around the lesions suspicious for BCC. Routine histopathologic examination assessed the specimens. The following variables were recorded for each patient: age, gender, anatomic location and duration of lesion, first clinical diagnosis, histological subtype and details of the completeness of excision. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Among the total of 125 cases, 75(60%) were male and 50 (40%) were female (1.5:1). The age ranged from 32 to 93 years with mean age of 64.5. More than 96% of lesions located on head and neck. The scalp was the most frequent site (33.6%), followed by nose (29.6%). The lesions persistent duration on the skin ranged from one month to 15 years with mean duration of 2 year. Solid subtype was seen in 61% of lesions. In general incidence of incomplete excision was 20%. Factors related to incomplete excision were age (P-Value: 0.003) and anatomic location of lesion (P-Value: 0.032). It was more frequent in older patients. So there was no incomplete margin in patients younger than 50 years old. Incomplete excision is more common on the ears (66.6%) and periorbital region (50%).There was no statistically significant difference in completeness of excision according to duration of lesions (P-Value: 0.36), histopathologic subtype (P-Value: 0.12), gender (P-Value: 0.12) and first clinical diagnosis (P-Value: 0.069). Clinical diagnoses were significantly consistent with histopathological findings. Conclusion: Appropriate clinical assessment and surgical margin determination are important in complete resection of BCCs. To avoid incomplete excision of high risk histopathologic type of BCCs on sensitive anatomic locations, these tumors should be excised with wide margins. A 5mm margin was acceptable for this purpose.

We selected three dominant tree species distributed in a tropical lowland coastal rain forest region. The morphological and growth properties for their seedlings under different relative irradiances were explored by the pot experiments. The objective was to compare their adaptability mode and degree of shade tolerance. The results showed the optimum light intensity for relative growth rate (RGR) of the three species was 100% for Bischofia javanica, 50% for Heritiera parvifolia and 30% for Vatica mangachapoi, respectively, indicating the shade tolerance was B. javanica < H. parvifolia < V. mangachapoi. RGR under each light level was positively correlated with unit leaf ratio (ULR), root mass ratio (RMR) and leaf number (LN), and negatively correlated with leaf mass ratio (LMR). B. javanica had the highest stem mass ratio (SMR) and RMR, with more investment in non-photosynthetic tissues. However, V. mangachapoi had the highest LMR and leaf area ratio (LAR), with more investment in photosynthetic tissues, which was due to its lowest specific leaf area (SLA). H. parvifolia was intermediate between them in biomass allocation. The order of phenotypic plasticity for the three species was B. javanica > H. parvifolia > V. mangachapoi, which was contrary to the order of shade tolerance. Our results suggest that when light intensity decreased gradually (as the case in a secondary succession), the dominance of the communities in the tropical lowland rain forest region should be changed from B. javanica through H. parvifolia and finally to V. mangachapoi.

With the advent of economic developments and industrial companies in the world, the phenomenon of the separation of ownership from management was introduced. This phenomenon is due to the inherent differences between the owner and manager of the utility function that creates a conflict of interest. Representation theory first by Berl and means (1932), Spence and Zikasr (1971), Ross (1973), Stiglitz (1974), Bimen (1975) and Jensen and Mackling (1978) introduced and described. In theory the representative director of the company and shareholders as owners are considered.

The research enters the ontology of human communication. It starts from an accredited real communicative situation, a Herodotus’ historic fragment where he narrates the incursion of King Darius in the Scythians’ country, during which he receives a gift-message: a bird, a mouse, a frog, and five arrows. It investigates the symbolic communicative functioning of the iconic-object code and of the gift code in the message processing.\n In relation to the used codes, the icon-object one and the gift one produce a message. Any coded signal received from a “transmitter” is interpreted as a quasi-message. We formulate the principle of the irrepressible emergence of the message: the human impulse to communicate is so urgent that the message is built irrepressibly.

Mammography is commonly used for early cancer detection in women breast. The presence of microcalcification clusters in the digital mammograms is the significant indication of breast cancer and their nature is not necessarily malignant. It is very difficult task to distinguish between benign and malignant clusters. In this paper, a novel classification approach for classifying microcalcification clusters based on framelet transform is proposed. The energies extracted from the framelet sub-bands in multilevel decomposition are used as features to classify the mammogram. A two stage classification based on SVM classifier is used to classify the unknown mammogram into normal or abnormal initially and then classified into benign or malignant if abnormal. A set of Mammography Image Analysis society (MIAS) database images is used in evaluating the proposed system. The performance of the proposed system is compared with standard wavelet transform. The results show that the framelet transform based classification provides better classification accuracy than the wavelet transform.

Abstract \nThis article aims at finding the root of the word Drooj in Avesta language and by deep analysis of structure of words in one hand and research in contrastive concepts on the other hand tries to hand out another form of the problem. In this view Drooj (means a satanically concept) in the realm of discourse fragmentations refers to contrastive analysis with goddess women in Pre-Aryans era and by contemplation in deeds of traditional Goddesses tries to describe linguistic and semantic changes of this satanic concept. The main focus of this document is based on quality of nature of Drooj and to find answer of this question, evidences analyze the feminine nature of Drooj that femininity feature of primary human customs and traditional goddesses is inferred.

This study proposes a Fuzzy Metagraph based Decision Support System (DSS) for short term and long term investment in share market. This rule base decision system will help traders to make correct decision at very low risk. Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) ,Stochastic Oscillator(S0) and Negative Volume Index(NVI) are some of the Technical Indicators which are used as input to train the system which is integrated with Fuzzy Metagraph. This approach of incorporating Fuzzy Metagraph with RSI, MACD ,SO and NVI would be a new attempt in decision making on share market investment. Stocks listed in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India are used to evaluate the performance of the system. The results obtained from the proposed Fuzzy Metagraph based model are found to be satisfactory with very low risk. Three most used technical indicators MACD, RSI ,SO and NVI integrated with Fuzzy Metagraph are used to support the system. This method reduces the risk factor considerably for both short term and long term investors.