It is essential to consider the customer’s point of view in evaluating the performance of a bus transit service. This study aims to identify the key variables influencing customer satisfaction with bus transit in the city of Kerman, Iran. Factor analysis was used to examine 29 attributes related to the bus transit service. The factors were judged by users of the main bus terminals in Kerman in order to understand their opinion and concerns in making the bus transit services more organized. The results of factor analysis show six significant variables affecting passengers’ satisfaction, which are: accessibility, comfort, time, reliability, safety and cost. The findings are useful for the Kerman Bus Organization (KBO) and other bus transit policy makers to make corrective actions in their strategic plans to better cater for the needs and expectations of bus transit users.

BACKGROUND: One of the most common causes of back pain is spinal curve change in thewaist. Physical therapy is one of the most common methods for treatment of lordosise and back pain. In the field of corrective exercise, the comparison of William and Mackenzie training findings are small and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: So, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks William and Mackenzie corrective training on lumbar isometric strength in 15-18 year females with hyperlordosis. METHODS: The study sample included 30 females with lumbar lordosis more than normal degrees (Hyperlordotic) in lumbar curve that randomly divided into William and MacKenzie exercise groups. The lumbar lordosis was measured using a flexible ruler and isometric strength of trunk muscles were measured by using digital dynamometer and compared before and post-test using independent and paired t-testes. RESULTS: Results showed that both types of exercise led to significant increase in lumbar extensors, hip extensors and flexors strength and abdominal strength more than 30%. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two types of exercises. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that William and McKenzie corrective training can lead to significant improvement in lumbar lordosis and isometric strength; although there is no difference between these two types of exercise.

Abstract\nThe agricultural department of Fars Province has played an important role in the production and occupancy areas of the food industry of the country, moreover a great part of the Gross National Product. This section could provide the raw materials for industry, thus stimulating the section. Agricultural and economic activities of the province are so pervasive that 23.7 percent of the working populations are engaged in agricultural activities. The aim of this study is to consider the economic marketing olive at fars province and present inherent techniques for steam lined market of this product. In the study were gathered enforceable data and statistics by interviewing to experts and the organization of agricultural Jahad at Fars province. Commend methods in economic texts were used for this aim, and retail, wholesale trade margin and the share of marketing agents with coefficient of costs market were calculated. The results of this study shows that 20 and 25 percent of price of canned and oily olive product sale are related marketing factors.

Among the numerous artificial intelligence approaches, k-Nearest Neighbor algorithms, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks are considered as the most common and effective methods in classification problems in numerous studies. In the present study, the results of the implementation of a novel hybrid feature selection-classification model using the above mentioned methods are presented. The purpose is benefitting from the synergies obtained from combining these technologies for the development of classification models. Such a combination creates an opportunity to invest in the strength of each algorithm, and is an approach to make up for their deficiencies in general, and in different medical domains specifically. \nTo develop proposed model, with the aim of obtaining the best array of features, first and foremost, feature ranking techniques such as the Fisher’s discriminant ratio and the class separability criteria were used to prioritize features. Then, the obtained results that included arrays of the top-ranked features were used as the initial population of a genetic algorithm to produce optimum arrays of features using high capabilities of this algorithm in the optimization process. Next, using a modified k-Nearest Neighbor method as well as an improved method of backpropagation neural networks, the classification process was advanced based on optimum arrays of the features selected by genetic algorithms. Finally, a fuzzy method was applied to integrate and finalize the decision making from among the recommended classes of the previous stage.\nThe evaluation process of the proposed model has been carried out on six datasets. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed model, its performance was compared with thirteen well-known classification models. The experimental findings indicates that the new proposed hybrid model has a better performance compared to all thirteen classification methods based on all six used data sets, and has also significantly improved the classification accuracy.

With the revolution of information technology and Wide Area Networking, data has become less and less private where the access of media as well as the attempts to change and manipulate the contents of media data has become a common case. For that, we need to use a watermarking technique to protect the copyright of the media as well as for digital right management but without leaving a visual effect. In this paper, we have presented an efficient image watermarking technique to defend the copyright protection of digital signatures. The major steps includes in the watermarking techniques are watermark embedding and watermark extraction. In the embedding process, we have utilized the discrete wavelet transform to decompose the original input medical image. We use the grayscale digital signature image as a watermark and embed it in the HL and LH sub-bands of the wavelet transformed image. We have embedded the every watermark pixel into the chosen sub-bands. Subsequently, we have restored the embedded watermark back to its original position and the watermarked image is attained by the usage of inverse discrete wavelet transform. In the extraction process, the recovery of the watermark image is achieved with the aid of our proposed extraction technique. The results obtained from the experimentation shows that our proposed watermarking techniques provide better results with higher accuracy. In order to prove better performance of our proposed technique, we have compared our results with four recent literature watermarking algorithms by means of compression standards

The present study was an attempt to investigate the rhetorical operations used in English print advertising headlines and to discover what happened to them while translating into Persian. The sample consisted of 65 advertising headlines in English and their corresponding versions in Persian collected from a wider corpus. In order to analyze the rhetorical features in advertising headlines of the two languages, the category of advertising rhetorical figures presented by Huhmann (cited in McQuarrie & Philips 2008) was used. Then, they were checked against the advertising translation strategies proposed by Smith (2006). Finally based on the integration of Halliday\'s (1994) Systemic Functional Grammar (SFL) and Fairclough\'s (1992, 2003) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the ideology behind choosing each category of literary devices, tropes and schemes, was extracted. The finding of the study expanded the translation models proposed by Smith (2006) in translating English headlines into Persian. The most frequent strategy was transference strategy. Persian used repetition schemes greatly, but substitution tropes are dominant operations used in English.

This paper investigates the effects of introducing a tax on carbon dioxide emissions produced by combustion processes in Iran. A carbon tax is a Pigovian tax levied on the carbon content of fuels. To get results, the SUR model of energy consumption is adopted to examine reducing of emission and also inter-fuel substitution effects induced by the implementing of various carbon taxes over the time period 1985 to 2010. Our results provide a mild support to the environmental role of a carbon tax in Iran. Resulting from the introduction of environmental taxation, reducing in carbon dioxide emissions in power plant sector, and only if low tax rate are assumed (5OR/ton .C). By contrast, total carbon dioxide emissions (all sectors and all fuels) keep growing; these results would recommend the introduction of several coordinated environmental instruments. The comparison between three prices of tax (50R/ton .C, 500R/ton.C.1000R/ton .C) does not seem to be in favor of a uniform carbon tax; it rather indicates that environmental policy should be designed taking into account the Iran economic situation and technological choices of Iran.

Abstract: \n Introduction: Nowadays over 153 million women use IUD in worldwide, as contraception. Long-term, high effective, and cost effective are advantages this method. This study was conducted to access side effects and prevalence of them of IUD380A during a 6-month period. \n Methods: This clinical trial with use of continued method conducted on 125 candidates applied for IUD insertion. The side effects were recorded in the following 1,2,3,6 months after use of the method in the questionnaires. \nStatistical analysis was performed using Students` t-test, fisher and chi-squared test where appropriate. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.\n Results: The side-effects were included: bleeding, pain, infection, spontaneous expulsion, unintended pregnancy and contraceptive failure. Bleeding, pain and spontaneous expulsion were more frequently happened during the first month, and infection was more commonly complication during 2end month of implantation. However after 6 months, all side effects were in lowest range. Continuation rate was over than 90% for these users. \n Conclusion: According the findings of the present study, the side effects included bleeding; pain, infection and spontaneous expulsion were decreased over time, in CuT380A users. Considering the safety of this method and the low unintended pregnancy rate among the other contraception methods, the use of this IUD is recommended

WMSN security as a flourishing research field has caught the attention of research community with increasing multimedia applications of sensors. Image encryption is one of the ways to protect still images from unauthorized access. The paper proposes a novel still image encryption algorithm based on compressed image sensing and watermarking. We analyze the fact that image signal in WMSN holds large amount of redundancy information, and then project the captured image to the transform domain using only a few significant coefficients. Moreover, we utilize watermarking approach to achieve authentication mechanism. Results show that the proposed scheme can transmit still image signal in resource-constrained WMSN securely and economically.

In each country, a significant portion of annual budget is allocated to construction projects. If project is successfully delivered, the country will experience development process. Iran construction projects indicates that project owners are willing to make contracts in great projects based on industrial and non- industrial construction methods. Since delivering projects based on this method does not have a long history in Iran and contract parties are not fully familiar with it, occurrence of some claims and disputes between project parties is inevitable. The main objective of the present paper is to present a pattern for claim management and prevention in DB and EPC contracts. In this research, in order to prevent claims in design- build projects, factors that affect claims presence in design- build projects have been specified via a library study that includes articles, books and different reports regarding characteristics of design-build projects. In order to increase validity and reliability of the research provided materials are discussed and studied by interviewing some of the experts and professors. Consequently, some factors have been corrected and some others added to the list.