Abstract\nResearch centers have accepted and approved integrated curriculum for educational systems. This approach can provide dynamism and livelihood to our educational systems. It recognizes and emphasizes learners’ novelty, understanding, and perception. Text books writers are encouraged to design the contents of the educational materials conforming to integrated curriculum principles to assure their application by teachers.\nIntegrated curriculum is a program which mixes the experiences in the three areas of cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain in order to develop a holistic perspective. It is a research oriented approach that provides a deep perception and understanding of the learning materials avoiding the mental exhaustion resulting from memorizing them. \nThe concept of integrated curriculum was formed in a meeting held at National Herbart Society in 1895. Many educational systems have since attempted to adopt the integrated curriculum concepts. However, this concept has remained at theoretical level in Iran with no initiative toward its implementation.\nIntegrated curriculum provides future benefits for students by linking the school systems to their life experiences. The results may be observable in different areas including students’ competence, attitude, and knowledge. The outcomes reinforce students’ aptitude to acquire scientific skills and extend their learning capabilities. They positively affect students’ ethical attitudes, promote a sense of cooperation, and create a better understanding of different subjects. Integrated curriculums enable students to acquire higher capabilities in applying their knowledge to new situations.
This article aims to assess the variability of extreme heavy precipitation events with duration of 120 min in the area of Cracow, Southern Poland. The analysis was performed using time series of maximum annual precipitation events with durations t = 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, recorded at the “Botanical Garden” station at the Jagiellonian University in the period of 1906-1990. The periodicity of precipitation was analyzed using the autocorrelation function and Fourier spectral density analysis. Empirical and theoretical distributions were matched by using the Fisher-Tippett distribution (type III min). The Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) was calculated by Hershfield’s statistical method. The analysis of the autocorrelation function of sequences and the Fourier spectral density revealed a clear periodicity of the maximum precipitation. For precipitation with t = 60 min., the maximum values occur every 9 years, but also shorter periods (3-year) may be observed. The PMP values calculated for Cracow differ significantly from the values calculated using the probability distribution, as well as from the ones observed and they increase with increasing precipitation duration. Differences between the PMP and probable as well as observed precipitation tend to decrease with increasing duration of precipitation.
Abstract\nThe primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of integrated and nonintegrated science curriculum on learning of third grader elementary students participating in a program offered through digital telephony storytelling. The secondary objective of this study was to examine the factorial effect of integrated curriculum and digital storytelling over the telephone on learning science subjects by third grader elementary students. This study designed science integrated curriculum for third grader elementary school in the form of dramatic audio stories offered through fixed line telephone system. \nStatistical population of this study included all boy students at third grade elementary level in Tehran District 3. Study sample consisted of 120 students selected by convenient sampling from third grader students in one elementary school. Research methodology was two-factor factorial design (factorial experiment). Study tools were researcher made dramatic audio stories and a learning test. Validity of the study tool was confirmed by experts, i.e. advising and counseling university professors. Reliability of the study tool was confirmed by researcher through test-retest method. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics through two-way analysis of variance and Tukey\
This paper presents a comparative-superlative comparison of contractor`s sufficiency in various types of international contracts. Choosing a competent contractor can decrease the possibility of a construction project`s failure in a large extent. The contractor selection includes two parts of the contractor prequalification and tender holding and the contractor selection. The data was gathered using field and library methods. The paper investigates the current conditions of evaluating the contractors and comparing various methods of prequalification as well as comparing the contractor selection methods in three countries (Hong Kong, America and Australia). The questionnaires were distributed among 30 experts to examine the best technique of selecting contractor and then, the obtained results were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software. Based on the findings, the decision support systems are considered in assigning the contractors to fulfill the projects with respect to solving the problem of single and multiple criteria methods.
Abstract:\nNowadays with the development of technology in information technology the world is witnessing profound changes and different aspects of human life have been transformed. For instance the form of commerce and contracts has changed among people due to broader adoption of computer and internet, and the traditional form of individual presence has been replaced by electronic or cyber forms. Nowadays many businessmen, companies, institutions,… present their products through internet and in cyber space and thereby they can transact with different people globally. As jurisprudence regulates human societies, with advent of any change in societies it should adapt and find solutions for novel issues. In our country due to the fact that the root of most legislation is Islamic jurisprudence, jurisprudential investigation of novel issues is of great importance. Therefore in this paper we try to answer the question as how can cyber transactions can be adapted with non-cyber transactions through jurisprudential perspective? Our hypothesis is that cyber transactions or e-commerce can be adapted with traditional jurisprudence and (Islamic) jurisprudence has the power to rule them too.
Abstract:\nFranchising as a business method came into being in second half of the 20th century. Since then the role of franchising in the growth of business and economic development has attracted the attention of the researchers. Most of franchises are begun from a simple idea of an entrepreneur and then the form and a system of business is made which have the capacity of a successful imitation. Presently franchising is dynamic in Iran as a business. The purpose of the present study using a quantitative method is to investigate the effective factors on franchisee’s satisfaction in the process of franchising. Standard questionnaire was used which its validity was proved by university professors and its reliability by Alpha Kronbach (0.092). After inferential data analysis through SPSS software, effective factors on franchisee satisfaction was clarified including the quality of system and services, competitive advantage of franchisor, franchisee’s features and market attractiveness. \nThe results showed that three factors of quality of system and services, competitive advantage of franchisor, and market attractiveness had meaningful relationship with franchisee’s satisfaction. Simultaneous investigation of four factors was done by stepwise regression and the result showed that only system and service quality had meaningful relationship with franchisee’s satisfaction. Also regression results on the relationship between competitive advantages variables on system and service quality, competitive advantage, market attractiveness and finally market attractiveness and system and service quality showed meaningful relationship.
ABSTRACT \nOne of the most important goals of companies and profit making organizations is gaining interest in short term and increasing shareholders’ wealth in long term. Achieving these purposes should be done through proper decision making about financial issues like finance providing, the methods of using capital inside organizations and investments out of the organization. Proper decision making needs performance evaluation through applying appropriate criteria and indices. The Criteria of financial performance evaluation has a higher status than other criteria because of its practicality, objectivity and tangibility. One of the most important financial criteria of active companies in stock exchange is stock return (SR) and stock investors have been seeking a way to predict it. Economic value added (EVA) is one of the most efficient criteria in evaluating quantitative explanation of stock return and one of the most important internal performance criteria. \nThe purpose of the present research is to explain the relationship between EVA and stock return and comparing it with Net profit (NP) regarding effectiveness on stock return. This operation is done to evaluate efficiency rate of EVA in Iran capital market for oil production companies. Coefficient of the relationship between net profit and stock return came 0.07 explaining higher power of net profit in explaining the changes of stock return. The results of the study showed that EVA didn’t have a meaningful relationship with stock return because of Iran capital market in oil production companies sector. We should seek a better economic criterion to evaluate the stock return of these companies.